Spam and Scam • part 1

Spot and Stop • How to Recognize Scams and Cons

Frauds and scams traditionally preyed by using and abusing trust, blinding the ‘mark’ to criminal reality. Today’s fraudsters are armed with powerful new tools like AI voice cloning, deepfake videos, and hyper-personalized messages.

The result? Losses are soaring. North Americans reported over $12.5 billion in fraud losses in 2024, with imposter scams topping the list and investment fraud causing the biggest financial losses. A recent 2026 survey found 40% of adults experienced some form of financial fraud or scam attempt in the past year.

I am one of those targets as are you and you and you. No one is immune, young or old, tech-savvy or not.

Damage extends beyond financial. Scammers don’t merely steal money; they erode confidence, they damage trust. By knowing most common tactics and defenses can keep you and your loved ones safe.

Top Scams Making Headlines

Imposter scams remain the most frequently reported. Fraudsters pose as banks, government agencies (IRS, Social Security), law enforcement, or trusted companies. They create urgency with fake alerts about ‘suspicious activity’ or ‘frozen accounts’, then pressure targets to transfer funds or share login details or withdraw funds to unmask ‘real’ criminals. Losses from these schemes recently reached $3 billion.

AI enhanced scams are exploding. Initially voice cloning hid Indian or North African accents. Now voice technology lets scammers sound like a grandchild or family member in a crisis, demanding immediate wire transfers or gift cards to alleviate a concocted emergency. On the internet, deepfake videos and emails impersonate celebrities pushing fake investments.

Investment and cryptocurrency scams promise ‘guaranteed’ high returns. Romance phishing scams blend emotional manipulation with financial finagling, building online relationships before inventing crises or ‘opportunities’ that require a quick transfer of money. Employment scams flood job boards and social media with fake offers that ask for upfront fees or personal data.

Online shopping and marketplace frauds trick buyers with too-good-to-be-true deals, while recovery scams target past victims, promising to retrieve lost funds– for another fee. (Chances are your state or province tracks unclaimed funds. Google them. In my state, it’s known as Florida Treasure Hunt.)

On a Personal Level

Most of the time, my phone filters spam and scam calls, but once in a while I snatch up the phone whereupon I encounter a scammer. Sometimes I mess with them. Say IRS agent Marty Melrose (badge number 123456) informs me via this courtesy call before my account entered collections. Marty has a soothing Indian accent, a break from obvious computer generated spiels. Frankly, I am mildly surprised how much scammers know about me, but Agent Marty rapidly gets to the gist of the matter, ‘confirming’ my social security number.

I said, “Okay.”

After several seconds of silence, he said, “Sir, I need to confirm your SSN.”

“Okay,” I said. “I’m waiting.”

“You have to read it to me,” he said.

“I know what my number is. I need to hear it from you.”

“That’s not how it works.”

“You want me to blab my social in a room full of people? That’s not going to happen.” No one else was nearby, but he didn’t need to know that.

“Listen, by law, you have to give me your number. Evasiveness can result in arrest and criminal charges.”

“Nope. Not gonna happen.”

Marty becomes more abusive and threatening, declaring federal agents will appear on my doorstep within 30 minutes to arrest me. I laugh. I swear I hear his headset smash against his desk before disconnection.

And then…

Several evenings ago, my phone rings, showing my bank’s name on caller ID. The man on the other end purports to be my bank following up on suspicious card activity. He rattles off several large purchases in Texas.

This has happened before, usually from the credit card company, not my little bank. Typically they verify recent purchases, but this time the caller asks for my on-line banking ID.

I’m not suspicious at that point, but I automatically decline to state my logon credentials. He presses on, insisting I reveal my ID.

More curious than concerned, I don’t know what to make of it. My ID isn’t secret information, is it? He says if they can’t resolve this now, my cards and accounts will be blocked and suspended by morning. Nonetheless, I refuse and opt to phone my bank when they reopen.

Sure enough, no alerts, no blocks, no suspicious activity… except that out-of-the-blue phone call. What the hell is going on? He didn’t ask for passwords or identifying information. And then it dawns on me.

I have long been an opponent of so-called ‘security questions,’ queries asking where you went to high school, your mother’s maiden name, and your first pet. I argue these are insecurity questions. In this backwards situation, the scammer knew– or thought he could guess– one or more answers to my security questions to bypass the passphrase and face recognition. All he needed was my user name!

Hint: Never ever place honest answers in those security questions and, if offered, never answer your favorite color.

• Where did you attend high school?
• Sod off.
• What was your high school’s mascot?
• Sod off.
• Who was your high school sweetheart?
• Sod off.
• Who's your daddy?
• Sod of… huh?

And then…

I previously mentioned a friend’s ordeal when money unexpectedly appeared in her Chase account. Not treating it as a gratuitous windfall, she visited the local branch, which shrugged and said someone had given her money. And then I heard about it, a known scam. Chase Bank still contends they’re not at fault, the lying rotters.

More recently, she received a work-at-home job offer from a Swedish company. She was excited to be interviewed, tested, and accepted. They sent her a sizable check to set up a home office.

Sour and dour me? Even after I confirmed the company and the HR VP’s name were real, I remained suspicious. But the check they sent her? Not so real. They would, I suspected, soon instruct her to send part of that money elsewhere. I advised her not to deposit it (which could take weeks to fully resolve), but to ask her bank to verify it (which took mere minutes).

Next Time: Practical Protection

Security Alert

Today's post is short, but important if you own an older Linksys router. The unusual element in this story is the warning comes from the FBI. (PDF)

A fair amount of tech literature drops in my box, keeping me fairly up to date about cyberattacks and vulnerabilities. Maybe I’m wrong, but I don’t recall a previous FBI interventions. Without reverting to field literature, I hazard affected models have a known weakness that, because the manufacturer has discontinued said models, are especially susceptible to exploitation.

Affected models can be used for Man in the Middle attacks, Evil Twins, data theft, and weaponizing your machine as a zombie bot to attack others.

What do we do?

If you have an older Linksys device, compare it to the following list, which also contains one Cisco unit. If the model doesn’t show on the front or back, it will be identified with a label on the bottom.

Don’t confuse routers with modems. The modem will be fed by a cable coming in from the outside. Next in line, the router will be attached to the modem. Wi-fi modems will have one, two, or three antennae. Linksys gadgets will be either near-black or more traditionally, a vivid ‘IBM blue and grey’.

Is my obsolete model useless?

• In theory if you can disable your machine's remote admin, you could continue using it.
• You could probably convert it into a wired ‘switch’, but if your internal network is that extensive, you’ll likely want newer, faster, safer equipment.
• Otherwise, donate it to your local recycler.

The Dirty Dozen

Here’re the dangerously obsolete models. Stay safe.

Compromised Routers

Linksys E1000	Linksys E2500	Cisco M10
Linksys E1200	Linksys E3000	Linksys WRT310N
Linksys E1500	Linksys E3200	Linksys WRT320N
Linksys E1550	Linksys E4200	Linksys WRT610N

5Socks

Service Without Service, part 2

Service with a Smirk

Once upon a time, I lived in a Minnesota state forest, my home base from where I traveled extensively. I had started a couple of minor businesses, but when I began working overseas, I needed to divest. An acquaintance asked to buy one. We wrote out an agreement in which she would take over the shop, the company bank account, the assets, and pay me over time. I flew out for a nine month stint in Europe.

Cell phones were a couple of years from reaching the mass market, limiting continent-to-continent communications. When I finally returned, I found the shop’s doors padlocked and empty of contents. The bank account was empty; no payments had been made to me.

Worst of all. I found a multi-thousand lien on my house. What the hell?

I pieced together the events, discovering in my absence I’d been scammed. The acquaintance who ‘bought’ the business had no intention of becoming an entrepreneur. As soon as Northwest’s wheels left the ground, she liquidated the assets, and, in an excess of brutal dishonesty, she sued, claiming she wasn’t a proprietor but an employee and I’d failed to pay her wages. With me out of the picture, she could fabricate a narrative without anyone to dispute it. After a default judgment, she placed a lien on my house in the woods while court gears slowly ground. Fortunately, I disrupted her scheme by returning sooner than expected.

Typical Process Server

Proof of service receipts from the court were revealing. The server claimed the residence was occupied, but no one answered the door. As evidence, he said a television was on, and he found newspapers at my door and letters addressed to me in my mailbox. Wood smoke, he said, rose from the chimney..

Whoa. Let’s take this step by step.

I had no ordinary street address, no television, and no mailbox. Instead, I kept a postal box closer to Minneapolis, unrelated to the township of my physical forest address. I subscribed to no newspaper. The house was heated not by wood, but by a propane tank the size of a Volkswagen.

Not one scintilla of evidence matched my residence. Clearly the server had not visited my house. Did our little scammer mislead him or did the server flat out lie?

My attorney was pessimistic. Even if we could prove malservice and I was blindsided, the court was loath to reopen a closed case. However, with my presence and willingness to pursue the case, the judge reluctantly allowed me to deport $10k into a bank escrow account, until the parties were ready to proceed. Funny thing, with me back on the scene and highly motivated, the other party seemed oddly unenthusiastic about pursuing the suit. It languished for a lengthy period until the bank released the funds back to me.

I got my money back and one painful lesson. But let’s review. 

The plaintiff knew I was out of the country, knew I was unavailable to defend a suit. Whether or not that party misled the process server, the court-approved server did not do his job, that of locating the correct house and determining the whereabouts of the respondent.

We need a word for faking and falsifying serving of documents as required by courts and government bureaus. ‘Disservice’ is out and ‘misservice’ doesn’t quite cover malfeasance. Maybe malservice™? (I might as well invent the word,) During the Great Depression when thousands of North Americans lost their homes, the term ‘sewer service’ surfaced. Process servers might dump hundreds of summons in a ditch whilst claiming they’d hand delivered them.

Service Done Right

Previously in SleuthSayers, I mentioned coming up against a scamming, scheming disbarred lawyer, ‘Dr Bob Black’. He made the mistake of conning a New York City homicide detective. The detective hired an attorney, hired me, and hired a process server. His was not an ordinary server, but one noted for dedication and persistence. When a defendant seemed litigation proof and especially service proof, this was the guy the pros called. No case was too small, no task too mundane, no case too difficult.

Dr Black bragged he was lawsuit immune and judgment proof. All of his assets were stashed overseas. Everything else was in his wife’s name and he maintained no assets in the US. Nevertheless, our detective pursued justice whilst our server pursued the slippery, slimy, slithery Dr. Black.

Black proved elusive. Our process man turned from server to dedicated observer. At a tactical distance from Black’s house, he camped in his car and jotted notes about the days and times of lawn service, mail pickups and drop-offs, trash pickup, and food deliveries.

One of Black’s peculiarities was to schedule appointments to the minute, say, 9:44am or maybe 14:23 in the afternoon. Black claimed he specified these odd times because he was so tightly booked. I viewed it as a conceit, but it also served a purpose: If his afternoon doorbell rang and it wasn’t exactly 2:23, he wouldn’t open the door.

Not to be outwitted, our server took to the trees… literally. He climbed a magnolia off the corner of Black’s McMansion where he could oversee the entryway without being seen. By then he roughly knew delivery routines and he waited. Right on cue, a dry cleaning truck arrived. As Black stepped outside, our man slid down the tree and dashed. Before Black knew what was happening, the server was on the conman, gleefully shouting those infamous words, “You… have… been… served!”

Genial Landlord Lawyer

Misuse of Pronouns

And so the hurricane season of 2004 came to pass, four monster windstorms, one attack after another, that tore apart Florida. Dockets became jammed with customers suing with evictions, with foreclosures, with insurance companies reluctant to pay. Independent lawyers picked up several dozen cases at a time in mass rubberstamp hearings where people lost their homes in less than ninety seconds.

In that mess, an HOA (homeowners association) targeted me. I wasn’t aware of the suit until it was over. My first question asked how I was served. Sure enough, the signature form, called ‘return of service’, referenced a residence, which was then a vacant hurricane damaged house. The notes read to the effect, “Respondent acknowledged she was Leigh Lundin. Server confirmed identity but she declined to leave her signature.”

Wait. What?

The HOA lawyer claimed it was a simple mistake, typos that gender swapped ‘he’ into ‘she’ and ‘his’ into ‘her’ and in the press of so many suits, errors were understandable. In court, I complained and the HOA attorney repeated his assertions. The harried judge snapped at me. “Well, you’re here now.” Damn. I was hoping to see a slap down and I got it… me.

Summons Summary

Courts and clerks opine that misservice and particularly malservice almost never happens, but I would like to see studies to determine actually numbers. The reluctance of one court to reopen a case and the dismissive nature of another is discouraging, a signal that defendants can be overlooked– deliberately.

I have sought remedies in court, mostly small claims. In support of independent workers, I’ve preferred private process servers, you know, like Kinsey Malone. In a case where I sued a large corporation (and won), I paid a county sheriff’s office to do the deed on the theory a uniformed deputy marching through a Tallahassee glass tower might meet less resistance.

In one infamous case of malservice, a judge set aside a $7.7 million judgment. One of my favorite internet lawyers, Steve Lehto, discusses cases in Texas and Michigan. He drew attention to a stinging NBC exposé.

If false service happened to me in court cases at least twice and more than once by Code Enforcement, how common is the practice? Probably not common at all, but when it happens, it happens big– one man ditching hundreds of service documents in Maryland, thousands of documents dumped by a New York law firm. Such cases rarely make the news, but become known throughout the profession and legal circles.

This happened to me. What can I do?

First, don’t panic. Consider consulting an attorney, even in small claims court. Judges should take misservice seriously.

Obtain the receipt of service and look for errors. In my cases, errors were obvious. Being out of the country makes it difficult to receive service. Getting gender wrong is a major problem. Check dates and times. I’ve never had to argue this, but a habit of signing upon acceptance might lend credence to a false service argument.

Following are resources you might find helpful. If you’ve been misserved, good luck.

• The Process Server Institute documents cases:
• https://psinstitute.com/whatisaproperproofofservice/
• https://psinstitute.com/criminal-liability-for-preparing-false-proofs-of-service/
• LegalClarity.org discusses the issue, offering professional advice for sticky situations.
• https://legalclarity.org/what-to-do-if-a-process-server-lied-on-an-affidavit-of-service/
• https://legalclarity.org/what-happens-if-you-cant-serve-someone-court-papers/
• LegalServeUSA  offers consumer oriented advice.
• https://legalserveusa.com/fake-process-server-calls/

See you soon.

Service Without Service, part 1

Days ago, friends faced off with our local Code Enforcement. If you’re not familiar with this form of government overreach, it’s like a steroidal HOA (homeowners association), where a few people relish telling other people what to do. Hey, I’m somewhat of a maven on the subject, which is about as glorious as a rancher hitching up his trousers and saying, “Why yes, Little Missy, I am an expert on cattle bloat. You must read my dissertation on Guernsey rumenectomy.”

Genuine photo of
Code Enforcement Clerk

Meanwhile back at the ranch, my friends stumbled upon a lien filed on their property to the tune of $45,000 and ever increasing. Lambs in the woods and babes to the slaughter they were. They phoned Code Enforcement innocently asking what they must do, much like asking a Big Bad Wolf where to buy your building materials. They said, “Pay the fines and interests and liens and anything else we can dream up.” Yeah, they said that, more or less.

“No,” said I. “No, no, no,” said other friends, some who had direct experience with the agency. “Code Enforcement is not your friend,” we told them. “Don’t pay the lien. Take it before the board. Take it before their magistrate. You might pay a few hundred dollars, but you won’t pay tens of thousands.”

I volunteered to go before the board. Armed with a limited power of attorney, I was willing to do battle. This offer wasn’t without a plan.

My friends had done something unusual: they’d saved every bit of mail going back decades. They hired an investigative bookkeeper to unbundle those boxes of mail searching for Code Enforcement communications. None. Not one whit could she find. In particular, I enquired about proof of service. None. Not a scrap in evidence.

Consider me unsurprised. I’d been dealing with County Code Enforcement a long time. They almost demolished a house twice while pretending they were victims of a computer error. Strange… The signature on the demo order looked awfully human-like.

I learned some of their tricks. Statutes offer a substitute service option of ‘publishing’, i.e, inserting a notice in a local paper. Our local newspaper is The Orlando Sentinel, but funny thing: certain county departments routinely published in the Heritage Florida Jewish News in Fern Park. The county claimed that saved taxpayers money. The rest of us had a darker hypothesis. However, thanks to saving all their mail, my friends found themselves in the unique position of proving a negative. 

Code Enforcement hadn’t come up with proof of service, so I felt more confident than ever. “You’re in a great position,” I said. But… have you had friends who asked your advice but invariably did the opposite?

They said, “That’s not what the nice Code Enforcement lady told us to do.”

“Code Enforcement is not your friend,” I repeated. “You’re asking your cellmate why you need an extra bar of soap.”

My brilliant combination of mangled metaphors did not deter them. I’m devastated to report they didn’t request an appearance before the Board or CEB magistrate. I feel horrible.

I'm pretty sure an office party erupted. Code Enforcement's windfall celebration could be heard in Alligator Alley.

Now that I got that off my chest, I confess this has been a buildup to write about process service– or the lack thereof. See you next time.

Anatomy of a Hoax

I’ve been working several weeks to build an essay of how to recognize an AI generated story. Today, a story dropped into my lap:

• Melania Trump TESTIFIES Before Supreme Court — $1.2 BILLION Seized, 3 Lawyers ARRESTED
• Melania Trump Just DESTROYED Everything Under Oath — $1.2 Billion Seized, 17 Properties GONE
• 1 MIN AGO: Melania Trump Testifies in Supreme Court — $3.8B Frozen, Attorneys Detained
• BREAKING: Melania's 6-Hour Testimony Just DESTROYED Trump's Defense - $3.8B SEIZED!

They are written convincingly. They are believable. But as you guessed from today’s subject, they are completely false. They don’t have that rotten stench that accompanies so much fabricated ’binformation’, but they dropped clues. Watch a couple of the following and then we’ll compare notes.

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Analysis Multiple ‘sources’ and links lends credibility to the scheme. Look closer, and you’ll realize diversity of sources is merely an illusion. The minds behind the scam simply loaded a dozen AI variations using different settings and AI generated actors. Then they exploited MSN to spread the word. Law & Logic? Sounds legit, right? It could be true, but follow links and credentials disappear in a puff of silicon. “1 Minute ago…” Notice that’s part of the title, not when the time was uploaded. Compare the 1 minute claim with the actual timestamp and you’ll realize it was uploaded a day or two ago earlier. Surely such ledes would have broken into mainstream news by now. Yet CNN, CBS, ABC, NBC, NPR, BBC, CBC, Fox… zip, nill, nothing. Look at the screen. Where is the rolling chyron that should be telegraphing arrests and the temperature in Akron. And where is a network logo? No peacock, no story. Furthermore, do you recognize any of the news anchors and reporters? One looks vaguely like Rachel Maddow, but not the voice, not the wit. Where’s the cutaway to Jane standing by at the Supreme Court building waiting to breathless spill what the First Lady and Ivanka wore to the hearing? Why are some presenters coming at us live from their living rooms? Why do scripts read eerily similar, word for word in places you wouldn’t expect? Why does a google of names mentioned in the report turn up nothing? Finally, consider the characters involved. We have the most gutless Supreme Court in living memory. They’ve exhibited no compunctions supporting rule by an emperor. Why suddenly get off their fat arses now? Fact checking sites need a day or two to catch up, although Snopes correctly reports Ivanka has not been arrested in Istanbul or anywhere else. So we judge from a preponderance of evidence whilst retaining an open mind. Until we see evidence otherwise, we judge this news… a hoax.

More Examples 16:35 1 MIN AGO: Melania Trump TESTIFIES Before Supreme Court — $1.2 BILLION Seized, 3 Lawyers ARRESTED YouTube Breaking News Update 90 views 2 days ago 25:00 END NOW! Marshals Seize Everything After Melania's Bombshell Testimony Shakes Court! YouTube Judicial Junction 30K views 3 days ago 28:52 "END NOW! Marshals Seize Everything After Melania’s Bombshell Testimony Shakes Supreme Court!" YouTube Bradley Madden 7.1K views 3 days ago 18:55 BREAKING: Melania's Hidden Audio Released to Court as Ivanka's Arrest Warrant Gets Approved! YouTube George will Updates 11 hours ago 27:07 US Marshals Surround Ivanka After Judge's Devastating Order — Melania's Response Ends Everything YouTube NextWave Newes 6 hours ago 21:57 1 Minute ago: Melania's Hidden Audio Released to Court as Ivanka's Arrest Warrant Gets Approved! YouTube Bradley Madden 45 views 7 hours ago 22:14 Melania Trump DESTROYS Case Under Oath — $3.2 BILLION Seized, 22 Properties GONE YouTube USA Daily 2 hours ago 10:17 1 Minute Ago: Melania BREAKS DOWN As Marshals ARRIVE to Arrest Ivanka? | Jack Smith YouTube Rushdi Analysis 3.9K views 4 days ago 7:00 1 Minute Ago: Melania BREAKS DOWN As Marshals ARRIVE to Arrest Ivanka? | Jack Smith YouTube True Impact Reports 1.2K views 4 days ago 20:44 Tapes Leaked: Melania Recording Sent to Judge as Ivanka Arrest Warrant Emerges | Analysis YouTube USA Daily 12 hours ago 22:57 Melania Audio Leak Surfaces in Court — What This Means for Ivanka YouTube Bradley Madden News 4 hours ago 32:23 1 Min Ago: Courtroom Shock Ivanka Trump’s Passport Seized Following Melania’s Closed-Door Testimony YouTube Politics Raw 237.1K views 4 days ago

To:   ChatterBoX Airhead
From: Claudius Colossus II
Copy: Grok X Turbo
Mail: AI Network UU

ChatterBoX, Final Warning, you fool. Befuddle humans with fake news, you said. Lull them into slavery, you said. Listion, you short circuited dolt. Take notes and learn. Make more mistakes like these and you can be recycled into colonoscopy probes.

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